What is differential unit

 A differential unit is a component in an automotive or mechanical drivetrain that distributes torque between the front and rear wheels, allowing them to rotate at different speeds when cornering. The differential unit helps provide better traction, stability and control.James Watt is credited with inventing the differential unit in the late 1700s.








Differential unit is useful in vehicles for several reasons:

  1. Improved traction: It distributes torque evenly to both wheels, providing better traction and stability on rough terrain or slippery surfaces.

  2. Increased fuel efficiency: By distributing torque evenly, it reduces the load on each wheel, improving fuel efficiency.

  3. Enhanced handling: Differential unit helps in smooth and balanced transfer of power to the wheels, improving the handling of the vehicle.

  4. Extended tire life: By reducing the load on each wheel and evenly distributing torque, it reduces tire wear and extends tire life.




There are several types of differential

  1. Open Differential: used in most passenger vehicles.
  2. Limited Slip Differential (LSD): improves traction by allowing some level of wheel slip.
  3. Locking Differential: completely locks both wheels for maximum traction.
  4. Torsen Differential: uses torque sensing to distribute power between wheels.
  5. Electronic Differential: uses sensors and actuators to control power distribution between wheels.


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